Hans Eder (1883–1955) was a Transylvanian Saxon artist whose career unfolded at the intersection of some of the most dynamic cultural and socio-political currents of early twentieth-century Europe. He studied in Munich, Paris and Bruges, later travelling and exhibiting extensively in Vienna, Budapest, Salzburg, Düsseldorf, Brussels, Bucharest, Constantinople, southern France and Balchik. His artistic network included figures such as Oskar Kokoschka, Franz Blei, Heinrich Mann, Oskar Walter Cisek and members of the Gândirea circle, relationships which enriched his engagement with the European avantgarde.

Eder’s work was deeply informed by the sensibilities of German Expressionism, particularly resonating with the aesthetic of the Die Brücke group. His art expressed the
existential unease and sense of impending catastrophe that marked the years preceding the First World War. Early works such as Răstignirea (1911) and the self-portrait Îngrozitul (1913) reveal the force of his expressive language, shaped by both philosophical inquietude and a profound awareness of historical turmoil.
Following the war, his monumental religious compositions, marked by hieratic figures and intense chromatic contrasts, conveyed the paroxysmal emotional charge of his frontline experiences. Over time, and under the influence of new realist currents,Eder’s expressionism softened into a form of realist-expressionism, most visible in his portraiture of the final decade.

Recognised in Bucharest as the most representative Saxon painter of his generation, Eder was a pioneering presence on the capital’s exhibition scene, notably with his successful 1926 solo show after which Răstignirea was acquired by the State Pinacotheque. He lived mostly in Brașov after 1924, exhibiting regularly in Brașov, Sibiu and Bucharest, and participating in the Official Salon. His works remain significant not only for their aesthetic power but also for their role in articulating a distinctive variant of Romanian expressionism, shaped outside the inherited frameworks of Western Gothic yet attuned to the philosophical and social impulses that animated the movement across Europe.